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SECONDARY INJURY PROCESSES
Hypoxia-ischemia
Edema
Excitotoxicity
Calcium dysregulation
Apoptosis
Cytoskeletal proteolysis
Metabolic and mitochondrial derangements
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Calcium Dysregulation
TBI always leads to intracellular influx of calcium Unregulated calcium influx
Overwhelming the mitochondrial capacity
Activating various enzymes
Cysteine proteases(calpain, caspase, cathepsin)
Calpain - necrotic and apoptotic cells
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